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Andy Johnson-Laird is the president of digital forensics firm Johnson-Laird Inc. He was born in Sheffield in England in February, 1945. Johnson-Laird was educated at Culford School and then attended the Regent Street Polytechnic, now known as The University of Westminster. Johnson-Laird also has lived in Ferney-Voltaire (France), Toronto (Canada), and San Jose, (Northern California). He currently lives with his wife, Kay Kitagawa, in Portland, Oregon in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Johnson-Laird's computer career started in 1963 at National Cash Register Company's London offices where he worked as a computer operator and taught himself to program the NCR 315 mainframe computer during the night shift. He was then invited to teach as a lecturer in NCR's Computer Education department, teaching NCR customers how to program. Subsequently, he wrote system software for the NCR-Elliott 4100〔(NCR Elliott 4100 Introduction to Software )〕 mainframe computer. Johnson-Laird also worked as a systems programmer for Control Data Corporation in Ferney-Voltaire in support of supercomputer installations at CERN. and various universities in Europe. He transferred to Control Data Corporation's Toronto Development Facility in 1977. In the late 1970s Johnson-Laird applied his knowledge of mainframe computers to the emerging hobbyist personal computer market. He purchased and hand-built a SOL-20 personal computer from Processor Technology, and a Cromemco Z-2 as test platforms. On arriving in the U.S.A. in 1979, Johnson-Laird wrote the software drivers to permit the CP/M Operating System to run on an Onyx computer—this was the first commercial CP/M microcomputer with a hard disk and a data cartridge tape drive.〔"New Onyx CP/M 2.0 Operating System", ''InfoWorld'' (then ''Intelligent Machines Journal''), 21 Nov 1979, (p.4 )〕 Johnson-Laird is one of the early pioneers in the field of digital forensics. His specialty, developed in 1987, is forensic software analysis of computer and Internet-based evidence for copyright, patent, and trade-secret litigation. He is also an expert on software reverse engineering, software development, and developing software in a clean-room environment. Johnson-Laird developed techniques for computerized source code analysis and the presentation of computer-based evidence that have helped to bring digital forensics into the courtroom. He has served as a Special Master to Federal District Court judges, and has served as an expert witness and provided litigation testimony in many intellectual property cases in the United States and Singapore. He also has published numerous articles on topics related to digital forensics and the legal challenges posed by emerging technologies. ==Computer Software Authority== In addition to serving as a technical expert in high-profile and significant litigation, Johnson-Laird's published writings have been cited by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, first in Sega Enterprises Ltd., v. Accolade Inc., No. 92-15665, D.C. No. CV-91-3871-BAC, as authority for practical necessity to make intermediary copies to understand protected expression in software.〔The court cited the original presentation of the article "Technical Demonstration of Decompilation," later published in Computer Law Reporter, Volume 16, Number 3, November 1992 and reprinted in Reverse Engineering: Legal and Business Strategies for Competitive Design in the 1990s 102 (Prentice Hall Law & Business ed. 1992)〕 Later the court cited Johnson-Laird's article "Software Reverse Engineering in the Real World," University of Dayton Law Review, Volume 19, November 3, Spring 1994, in the case Sony v. Connectix, No. 99-15852, D.C. No. CV-99-00390-CAL, as authority for the need to reverse engineer when developing compatible products and therefore the intermediary copies created in such reverse engineering should be considered fair use under U.S. Copyright Law.〔The article "Software Reverse Engineering in the Real World" was also cited by the Western District of Pennsylvania in Conference Archives, Inc. v. Sound Images, Inc., Civil No. 3:2006–76, *4 n.5 (W.D.Pa.,March 31, 2010) and by the Western District of Virginia in Frontline Test Equipment, Inc. v. Greenleaf Software, Inc., 10 F.Supp.2d 583, 586 n.5 (W.D.Va.,1998).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Andy Johnson-Laird」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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